<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управленец</journal-title></journal-title-group><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2218-5003</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-7923</journal-id></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29141/2218-5003-2023-14-1-3</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JEUKNV</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2023/1196</article-id><self-uri>https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2023/1196</self-uri><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Государственное управление импортозамещением: преодоление ограничений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Import substitution policy: Breaking the limits</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>o_sukharev@list.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики Российской академии наук (г. Москва, РФ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-20"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><license><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY-NC 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено формированию инструментального подхода в области государственного управления импортозамещением как стратегией развития страны на основе выявления основных ограничений ситуационного, вызванного санкциями, и фундаментального, проистекающего из содержания политики замещения импорта, характера. Предметом исследования является указанная политика в России, а также условия, возникающие при экономических санкциях. Методологию работы составили теории международной торговли и государственного управления, позволившие выделить основные виды импортозамещения и ограничения, возникающие при государственном управлении этим процессом в рамках крупномасштабной системы, установить обратные связи при реализации противодействующей импортозамещению макроэкономической политики – параллельный импорт, обнуление пошлин. Методами исследования выступили сравнительный и таксономический анализ, обобщение статистических оценок. Информационной базой для рассмотрения итогов политики импортозамещения послужили отраслевые программы замещения импорта и приказы Минпромторга РФ. Результатом исследования стало составление пирамиды по уровням значимости импортозамещения, отражающей различный масштаб проведения соответствующей политики, – от продуктов и услуг, технологий, институтов (правил) до методов регулирования и моделей политики, культурных императивов и доктрин экономической науки. Обобщение российского опыта показывает, что успехи в рассматриваемой сфере относительны. Это предполагает интенсификацию усилий, в частности по разработке национального проекта, связывающего все уровни национального проектирования и реализации отраслевых программ с доказательным обоснованием ресурсов и приоритетов в рамках задач по замещению импорта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study focuses on forming an instrumental approach in the field of import substitution policy as a country development strategy implemented through identifying the main constraints of the situational (sanction-caused) and fundamental (related to the policy content) nature. The research subject is the import substitution policy in Russia, as well as the conditions created by economic sanctions. Methodologically, the study relies on the theories of international trade and public administration that allowed determining the main types of import substitution and restrictions emerging when managing this process at the government level within a large-scale system, as well as establishing feedback in the implementation of macroeconomic policies counteracting import substitution, i.e., parallel imports and zero duties. The research methods are comparative and taxonomic analysis, and generalization of statistical estimates. Empirical evidence comes from the industry-specific import substitution programmes and orders of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. The author proposes a pyramid of import substitution significance levels reflecting various scales of import substitution policy – starting from products and services, technologies, and institutions (rules) to regulatory methods and policy models, cultural imperatives, and economic doctrines. The generalized Russia’s experience shows that progress in import substitution is relative. This implies investing more efforts in the development of a national project that would link national design and implementation of sectoral programs at all levels with evidence-based substantiation of resources and priorities within the goals of import substitution.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственное управление;</kwd><kwd>замещение импорта;</kwd><kwd>экспортная стратегия;</kwd><kwd>программы импортозамещения;</kwd><kwd>параллельный импорт;</kwd><kwd>пошлины;</kwd><kwd>санкции;</kwd><kwd>виды импортозамещения.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public administration;</kwd><kwd>import substitution;</kwd><kwd>export strategy;</kwd><kwd>import substitution programmes;</kwd><kwd>parallel imports;</kwd><kwd>duties;</kwd><kwd>sanctions;</kwd><kwd>import substitution types.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алле М. (2003). Глобализация: разрушение условий занятости и экономического роста. Москва: Теис.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазьев С.Ю. (2017). Битва за лидерство в XXI веке. Россия, США, Китай. Семь вариантов ближайшего будущего. Москва: Книжный мир.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринберг Р.С., Комолов О.О. (2022). Политика протекционизма в России: новые тенденции в контексте импорта институтов // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. Т. 15, № 2. С. 44–54. DOI: 10.15838/ esc.2022.2.80.3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оболенский В.П. (2015). Возможности и ограничения политики импортозамещения в промышленности // Российский внешнеэкономический вестник. № 2. С. 66–73.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Портер М. (1993). Международная конкуренция. Конкурентные преимущества стран. Москва: Международные отношения.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пребиш Р. (1992). Периферийный капитализм: есть ли ему альтернатива? Москва: ИЛА.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О.С. (2016). Экономика глобального эксцесса. Москва: Ленанд.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Улин Б. (2004). Межрегиональная и международная торговля. Москва: Дело.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хаберлер Г. (1999). Торговая политика // Politekonom. № 4 (11). С. 57–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хэлпман Э. (2011). Загадка экономического роста. Москва: Издательство института Гайдара. Чичканов В.П., Сухарев О.С. (2022). Импортозамещение: перспективные решения // Научный вестник оборонно-промышленного комплекса России. № 2. С. 81–88.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чичканов В.П., Сухарев О.С. (2022). Экономическая война против России: методы проведения и противодействие // Научный вестник оборонно-промышленного комплекса России. № 1. С. 71–75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эренфельд Х. (1999). Содействие экспорту – задача экономической политики // Politekonom. № 4 (11). С. 138–143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрхард Л. (1996). Полвека размышлений: речь и статьи. Москва: Наука; ТОО Ордынка.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beshkar M., Lee R. (2022). How does import market power matter for trade agreements? Journal of International Economics, vol. 137, 103580. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103580</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardero M.E., Galindo L.M. (2005). From the import substitution model to the import-export model: Reassessing Mexico's trade liberalization process during the last two decades. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 71–97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clements K., Vo L.H., Mariano M.J. (2021). Modelling import penetration. Economic Modelling, vol. 102, 105590.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen N. (2016). Forgoing New Public Management and adopting Post‐New Public Management principles: The on‐going civil service reform in Israel. Public Administration and Development, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1751</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cutler T. (2015). New Managerialism and New Public Sector Management (pp. 770–775). In: J.D. Wright. (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social &amp; Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Elsevier.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimme C., Lehmann R., Noeller M. (2021). Forecasting imports with information from abroad. Economic Modelling, vol. 98, pp. 109–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.02.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He L.-Yu., Huang G. (2022). Are China's trade interests overestimated? Evidence from firms’ importing behavior and pollution emissions. China Economic Review, vol. 71, 101738.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwin D.A. (2021). The rise and fall of import substitution. World Development, vol. 139, 105306.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamidelivand M., Cahill C., Llop M., Rogan F., O’Gallachoir B. (2018). A comparative analysis of substituting imported gas and coal for electricity with renewables – An input-output simulation. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 30, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim M. (2022). Transmission of U.S. monetary policy to commodity exporters and importers. Review of Economic Dynamics, vol. 43, pp. 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2021.02.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong Zh., Dong X., Jiang Q. (2018). Net energy impact of substituting imported oil with coal-to-liquid in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 198, issue 5, pp. 80–90. DOI:10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.06.254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref25"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krugman P. (2000). Technology, trade and factor prices. Journal of International Economics, vol. 50, issue 1, pp. 51–71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref26"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauro S.G., Cinquini L., Pianezzi D. (2021). New Public Management between reality and illusion: Analysing the validity of performance-based budgeting. The British Accounting Review, vol. 53, issue 6, 100825. DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref27"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mo J., Qiu L.D., Zhang H., Dong X. (2021). What you import matters for productivity growth: Experience from Chinese manufacturing firms. Journal of Development Economics, vol. 152, 102677.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref28"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olper A., Pacca L., Curz D. (2014). Trade, import competition and productivity growth in the food industry. Food Policy, vol. 49, part 1, pp. 71–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref29"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prebisch R. (1950). The economic development of Latin America and its principal problems. United Nations department of economic affairs, Lake Success, New York.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref30"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raza M.Yo., Lin B. (2021). Oil for Pakistan: What are the main factors affecting the oil import? Energy, vol. 237, 121535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121535</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref31"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun D., Liu Y., Grant J., Long Ya., Wang X., Xie C. (2021). Impact of food safety regulations on agricultural trade: Evidence from</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref32"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China's import refusal data. Food Policy, vol. 105, 102185. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102185</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref33"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Z., Wu X., Li M., Guo R. (2021). Import competition and the gender gap in labor force participation: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, vol. 69, 101689. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101689</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref34"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alle M. (2003). Globalization: Destruction of employment conditions and economic growth. Moscow: Teis. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref35"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazyev S.Yu. (2017). The battle for leadership in the 21st century. Russia, the USA, China. Seven options for the nearest future. Moscow: Knizhnyy mir. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref36"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grinberg R.S., Komolov O.O. (2022). Protectionism in Russia: New trends in the context of the import of institutions. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz / Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 44–54. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2022.2.80.3. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref37"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obolenskiy V.P. (2015). Resources and restrictions of the import substitution policy in industry. Rossiyskiy vneshneekonomicheskiy vestnik / Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, no. 2, pp. 66–73. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref38"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter M. (1993). The competitive advantage of nations. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref39"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prebish R. (1992). Peripheral capitalism: Is there an alternative to it? Moscow: ILA. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref40"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukharev O.S. (2016). Economics of global kurtosis. Moscow: Lenand. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref41"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulin B. (2004). Interregional and international trade. Moscow: Delo. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref42"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaberler G. (1999). Trade policy. Politekonom, no. 4(11), pp. 57–76. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref43"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khelpman E. (2011). The mystery of economic growth. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publ. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref44"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chichkanov V.P., Sukharev O.S. (2022). Import substitution: Promising solutions. Nauchnyy vestnik oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa Rossii / Scientific Bulletin of the Military-Industrial Complex of Russia, no. 2, pp. 81–88. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref45"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chichkanov V.P., Sukharev O.S. (2022). Economic war against Russia: Methods of implementation and counteraction. Nauchnyy vestnik oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa Rossii / Scientific Bulletin of the Military-Industrial Complex of Russia, no. 1, pp. 71–75. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref46"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erenfeld Kh. (1999). Export promotion is a task of economic policy. Politekonom, no. 4(11), pp. 138–143. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref47"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erhard L. (1996). Half a century of reflections: Speech and articles. Moscow: Nauka; TOO Ordynka. (in Russ.)Beshkar M., Lee R. (2022). How does import market power matter for trade agreements? Journal of International Economics, vol. 137, 103580. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103580</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref48"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardero M.E., Galindo L.M. (2005). From the import substitution model to the import-export model: Reassessing Mexico's trade liberalization process during the last two decades. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 71–97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref49"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clements K., Vo L.H., Mariano M.J. (2021). Modelling import penetration. Economic Modelling, vol. 102, 105590.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref50"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen N. (2016). Forgoing New Public Management and adopting Post‐New Public Management principles: The on‐going civil service reform in Israel. Public Administration and Development, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1751</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref51"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cutler T. (2015). New Managerialism and New Public Sector Management (pp. 770–775). In: J.D. Wright. (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social &amp; Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Elsevier.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref52"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimme C., Lehmann R., Noeller M. (2021). Forecasting imports with information from abroad. Economic Modelling, vol. 98, pp. 109–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.02.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref53"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He L.-Yu., Huang G. (2022). Are China's trade interests overestimated? Evidence from firms’ importing behavior and pollution emissions. China Economic Review, vol. 71, 101738.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref54"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwin D.A. (2021). The rise and fall of import substitution. World Development, vol. 139, 105306.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref55"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamidelivand M., Cahill C., Llop M., Rogan F., O’Gallachoir B. (2018). A comparative analysis of substituting imported gas and coal for electricity with renewables – An input-output simulation. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 30, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref56"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim M. (2022). Transmission of U.S. monetary policy to commodity exporters and importers. Review of Economic Dynamics, vol. 43, pp. 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2021.02.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref57"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong Zh., Dong X., Jiang Q. (2018). Net energy impact of substituting imported oil with coal-to-liquid in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 198, issue 5, pp. 80–90. DOI:10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.06.254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref58"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krugman P. (2000). Technology, trade and factor prices. Journal of International Economics, vol. 50, issue 1, pp. 51–71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref59"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauro S.G., Cinquini L., Pianezzi D. (2021). New Public Management between reality and illusion: Analysing the validity of performance-based budgeting. The British Accounting Review, vol. 53, issue 6, 100825. DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref60"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mo J., Qiu L.D., Zhang H., Dong X. (2021). What you import matters for productivity growth: Experience from Chinese manufacturing firms. Journal of Development Economics, vol. 152, 102677.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref61"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olper A., Pacca L., Curz D. (2014). Trade, import competition and productivity growth in the food industry. Food Policy, vol. 49, part 1, pp. 71–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref62"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prebisch R. (1950). The economic development of Latin America and its principal problems. United Nations department of economic affairs, Lake Success, New York.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref63"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raza M.Yo., Lin B. (2021). Oil for Pakistan: What are the main factors affecting the oil import? Energy, vol. 237, 121535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121535</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref64"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun D., Liu Y., Grant J., Long Ya., Wang X., Xie C. (2021). Impact of food safety regulations on agricultural trade: Evidence from</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref65"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China's import refusal data. Food Policy, vol. 105, 102185. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102185</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref66"><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Z., Wu X., Li M., Guo R. (2021). Import competition and the gender gap in labor force participation: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, vol. 69, 101689. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101689</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
