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2218-5003

2686-7923

10.29141/2218-5003-2023-14-4-2

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https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2023/1326

Развитие R&D в странах Восточной Азии: влияние фискальной политики и инвестиций

The interconnection between fiscal policy and foreign direct investment with R&D: Insights from East Asian countries

Дирир

Садик Аден

Дирир

Садик Аден

Dirir

Sadik Aden

sadikaden1999@gmail.com

University of Djibouti (Djibouti City, Djibouti)Университет Джибути (г. Джибути, Джибути)

07092023

14415321304202301062023

CC BY-NC 4.0

В последние годы на долю стран Восточной Азии приходится 87 % патентов, 43 % инвестиций в стартапы, 51 % расходов на R&D и 52 % всех доходов технологических компаний. Сохранение статуса Восточно-Азиатского региона как одного из локомотивов мирового технологического развития тесно связано с государственной экономической политикой и инвестиционным климатом. Статья посвящена исследованию влияния фискальной политики и прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ) на развитие сферы научно-исследовательских разработок (R&D) в странах Восточной Азии в 2000–2020 гг. Методологической основой исследования послужили теория государственного управления, R&D-менеджмента и др. Информационная база включает данные о фискальной политике, ПИИ, внутреннем кредитовании и R&D в Восточно-Азиатском регионе в период 2000–2020 гг. При обработке данных использовались методы регрессионного анализа и распределенного лага (ARDL), а также тест на причинно-следственные связи Грэнджера, что в совокупности позволило описать кратко- и долгосрочную динамическую связь между указанными переменными. Для выявления коинтеграции применялись модифицированный метод наименьших квадратов (FMOLS) и динамический метод наименьших квадратов (DOLS). Согласно результатам исследования, фискальная политика региона и отток ПИИ оказывают негативное влияние на уровень расходов на R&D. Среди факторов, имеющих значительное положительное влияние на R&D, – приток ПИИ и рост внутреннего кредитования предприятий частного сектора. При этом результаты модели ARDL эквивалентны результатам, полученным с помощью методов FMOLS и DOLS. Тест Грэнджера показал наличие однонаправленной причинно-следственной связи между фискальной политикой и R&D, что свидетельствует о решающем влиянии данного фактора на развитие научных исследований. Полученные результаты могут использоваться органами государственной власти при формулировании стратегий продвижения R&D и повышения конкурентоспособности стран на мировой арене посредством регулирования фискальной политики, а также при разработке стратегий привлечения ПИИ для финансирования научно-исследовательского сектора.

As a technological powerhouse, Asia should not be overlooked. The region has been responsible for 87% of patent filings, 43% of startup investment, 51% of expenditures on research and development, and 52% of the global growth in tech company revenues during the past ten years. Within this framework, the current paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy and FDI on research and development in East Asian countries during the last 20 years. It further analyses the direction and shocks of these impacts. The methodological framework included theories of public policy and R&D management, the concept of absorptive capacity, etc. The database includes fiscal policy, FDI, domestic credit, and R&D data for 2000–2020. As a result, the paper adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality tests to capture the short-run and long-run dynamic relationship among the variables. Next, we utilized Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) models to capture the cointegration between fiscal policy, FDI, domestic credit, and R&D. In light of this, the research revealed that the region’s fiscal policy and FDI outflows had a negative impact on the spending on R&D. Conversely, the results showed that FDI inflows and domestic loans provided to the private sector had a large favourable influence on research and development. It is also crucial to emphasize that the ARDL model produced results that were equivalent to the FMOLS and DOLS. Lastly, the Granger causality demonstrated a one-way causal relationship between fiscal policy and research and development. The study will help policymakers on how to promote R&D and enhance a country’s competitiveness in the global economy by paying enough attention to their fiscal policy. It will also assist policymakers to develop strategies to attract FDI that can benefit their R&D sector

R&D;фискальная политика;прямые иностранные инвестиции (ПИИ);внутреннее кредитование;Восточная Азия.

research and development (R&D);fiscal policy;foreign direct investment (FDI);domestic credit;East Asia.

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