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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управленец</journal-title></journal-title-group><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2218-5003</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-7923</journal-id></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29141/2218-5003-2023-14-5-7</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IFJVZM</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2023/1401</article-id><self-uri>https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2023/1401</self-uri><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">«Параллельный импорт» в российской индустрии программного обеспечения: ожидаемые последствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parallel import in Russia’s software industry: Expected consequences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>Anton N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>morozov@econ.msu.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова (г. Москва, РФ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><license><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY-NC 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На фоне ухода зарубежных разработчиков программного обеспечения (ПО) с российского рынка продолжается дискуссия о введении института «параллельного импорта» в этой сфере. Статья посвящена оценке ожидаемых эффектов в случае принятия такого решения. Методологической основой исследования послужили теория отраслевых рынков и новая институциональная экономическая теория. В качестве методов работы использованы теоретико-математическое моделирование и сравнительный анализ. Информационную базу работы составили открытые данные о потреблении пиратского контента c ресурса "I Know" (iknowwhatyoudownload.com) и финансовая отчетность российских компаний (база данных СПАРК-Интерфакс). Представлена теоретическая модель, описывающая выбор потребителем оригинальных либо пиратских версий программ. Проанализирована ситуация, когда наиболее предпочитаемая потребителями программа становится недоступна. Установлено, что в условиях низких издержек пиратства пользователи «коробочных» программ никогда не переключатся на другие продукты, а предпочтут пиратскую версию ранее используемой программы. Результаты применения модели сопоставлены с данными о потреблении пиратского ПО в России. Показано, что потребители предпочитают зарубежное ПО российским аналогам, а значит, в случае легализации «параллельного импорта» у российских разработчиков не останется возможности занять нишу ПО для домашнего пользования, которая остается важным резервом дальнейшего развития отрасли. Таким образом, бесплатный доступ к зарубежному ПО искажает стимулы потребителей. Институт «параллельного импорта» рекомендуется модифицировать так, чтобы потребитель продолжал платить цену оригинала, государство гарантировало безопасность такого ПО, а контроль нарушений в области интеллектуальной собственности усиливался.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amid the withdrawal of foreign software developers from the Russian market, policymakers continue to discuss the option of legalising software parallel import. The purpose of the article is to assess the expected effects of the software parallel import introduction. The methodological basis of the study is industrial organization theory and new institutional economics theory. Among the research methods are theoretical and mathematical modelling and comparative analysis. The empirical evidence includes publicly available data on the pirated content consumption retrieved from the web source I Know (iknowwhatyoudownload.com) and financial statements of Russian software developers (SPARK-Interfax database). The article presents a theoretical model describing the consumer’s choice between original and pirated versions of programs and analyses the situation, where the most popular software product gets inaccessible. Our analysis shows that when costs of piracy are low, users of ‘out-of-the-box’ programs will not switch to another software and prefer the pirated version of the previously used program. The results of the model are compared with data on the pirated software consumption in Russia. We have found that consumers prefer foreign software to Russian counterparts, which means that if parallel import is legalised, Russian software developers will fail to occupy the niche of home-use software, which remains an important reserve for the industry’s further development. Free access to foreign software distorts consumer incentives. The institution of parallel imports should be modified so that the consumer keeps paying the price of the original’s, the state guarantees such software is secure, and intellectual property violations are strictly controlled.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рынок ПО;</kwd><kwd>программное обеспечение;</kwd><kwd>параллельный импорт;</kwd><kwd>принудительное лицензирование;</kwd><kwd>компьютерное пиратство;</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальная собственность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>software market;</kwd><kwd>software;</kwd><kwd>parallel import;</kwd><kwd>compulsory licensing;</kwd><kwd>software piracy;</kwd><kwd>intellectual property.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках НИР государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова «Пути развития конкуренции и механизмы проконкурентной промышленной политики в условиях цифровой трансформации» на
тему «Права интеллектуальной собственности в свете новых вызовов и ограничений».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the research of the state task of Lomonosov Moscow State University “Ways for the
development of competition and mechanisms of pro-competitive industrial policy in the context of digital transformation” on the
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