Управленец

2218-5003

2686-7923

10.29141/2218-5003-2024-15-2-2

HUYMEJ

https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2024/1553

Исследование предпринимательских знаний и намерений иностранных студентов (на примере университетов Турции)

Determining entrepreneurial knowledge and intentions of international students studying in Turkey

Каракас

Айхан

Каракас

Айхан

Karakaş

Ayhan

akarakas@bartin.edu.trАли

Мухаммед Абдулкадир

Али

Мухаммед Абдулкадир

Ali

Mohamed Abdulkadir

abdomohamedali999@gmail.comЧетин

Сабахаттин

Четин

Сабахаттин

Çetin

Sabahattin

scetin@bartin.edu.tr

Bartin University (Bartin, Turkey)Бартынский университет (г. Бартын, Турция)

07052024

15215300210202327122023

CC BY-NC 4.0

Концепция предпринимательских знаний и намерений ориентирована на изучение заинтересованности и способности индивида начать собственное дело. Культурные особенности – дополнительный фактор, который необходимо учитывать при оценке намерений человека стать предпринимателем. Статья посвящена анализу влияния уровня знаний в области предпринимательства на намерения иностранных студентов, обучающихся в Турции, заниматься бизнесом. Предпринята попытка установить зависимость между уровнем знаний о предпринимательстве и желанием начать собственное дело от различных характеристик студентов (пол, факультет, наличие бизнес-идеи и др.). Методологическую основу работы составили концепция предпринимательских знаний и намерений, теория запланированного поведения. Использовались методы частотного и регрессионного анализа, параметрические тесты, метод удобной выборки. Информационной базой послужили результаты опроса 380 иностранных студентов, обучающихся в 20 государственных и 5 частных университетах Турции в 2021–2022 учебном году. Опрос участников проводился с помощью социальных медиа и личных интервью. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о статистически значимых различиях в предпринимательских знаниях и намерениях студентов в зависимости от наличия у них профильного образования, бизнесидеи, факультета обучения и ежемесячной суммы расходов. Обнаружено также, что приобретение специальных знаний и образования в сфере бизнеса оказывает существенное влияние на желание обучающихся стать предпринимателями. Результаты исследования представляют интерес для лиц, ответственных за составление учебных планов университетов, и способствуют более детальному пониманию и продвижению предпринимательских намерений иностранных студентов.

Entrepreneurial knowledge and intention focus on understanding an individual’s interest in and abilities towards entrepreneurial activities. Another issue is the impact of cultural differences on entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of entrepreneurship knowledge on entrepreneurial intention of international students receiving higher education in Turkey. We also examine whether there are differences in entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention according to gender, department, having an entrepreneurial business idea, receiving entrepreneurship education or not and monthly expenditure amount. The methodological basis of the study resides in the concept of entrepreneurial knowledge and planned behaviour theory. Among the research methods are frequency and regression analyses, parametric tests, convenience sampling method. A total of 380 students enrolled in 20 public and 5 private universities in Turkey in the 2021–2022 academic year participated in the survey and completed the questionnaire. Participants were reached through electronic and social media environments or face-to-face communication. The research results reveal that there are statistically significant differences between entrepreneurial knowledge and intention with educational status, entrepreneurial idea, department of study and the amount of monthly expenses. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurship education have a significant positive effect on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study provide valuable guidance for policymakers and curriculum preparers to understand international students’ entrepreneurial intentions and promote entrepreneurial intentions in universities.

предпринимательство;знания в области предпринимательства;предпринимательское намерение;предпринимательское образование;иностранные студенты;Турция.

entrepreneurship;entrepreneurial knowledge;entrepreneurial intention;entrepreneurship education;international students;Turkey.

Abdullah F., Hamali J., Deen A.R., Saban G., Abdurahman A.Z.A. (2009). Developing a framework of success of Bumiputera entrepreneurs. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 8–24. https://doi. org/10.1108/17506200910943652

Abun D., Lalaine S., Belandres M., Agoot F., Magallanes T. (2018). Measuring entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial ıntention of ABM Grade XII, senior high school students of Divine Word Colleges in Region I, Philippines. EPH - International Journal of Educational Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 27–43. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807867

Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen I., Czasch C., Flood M.G. (2009). From intentions to behavior: Implementation intention, commitment, and conscientiousness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1356–1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00485.x

Alakaleek W., Harb Y., Harb A.A., Al shishany A. (2023). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of entrepreneurial outcomes. The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijme.2023.100800

Alammari K., Newbery R., Haddoud M., Beaumont E. (2019). Post-materialistic values and entrepreneurial intention – The case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 158–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/ jsbed-12-2017-0386

Astuti R., Fatimah L. (2022). Adopting planned behavior theory to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 455–468. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah. v14i1.754

Bachiri M. (2016). Determinants of students’ entrepreneurial ıntentions: Evidence from Moroccan University. International Business Research, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 83–89.

Bacq S., Alt E. (2018). Feeling capable and valued: A prosocial perspective on the link between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.01.004

Benz M., Frey B.S. (2008). The value of doing what you like: Evidence from the self-employed in 23 countries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 68, no. 3–4, pp. 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.10.014

Beyhan B., Findik D. (2018). Student and graduate entrepreneurship: Ambidextrous universities create more nascent entrepreneurs. The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1346–1374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9590-z

Bjekić R., Jelača M., Berber N., Aleksić M. (2020). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions of faculty students. Management Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1–14. https://doi. org/10.7595/management.fon.2020.0024

Brush C.G., Carter N.M., Gatewood E., Greene P.G., Hart M.M. (2004). Clearing the hurdles: Women building high-growth businesses. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT/Prentice Hall.

Bruyat C., Julien P.-A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00043-9

Chen L., Ifenthaler D., Yau J.Y.K. (2021). Online and blended entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of applied educational technologies. Entrepreneurship Education, vol. 4, pp. 191–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00047-7

Chineze J., Uche R., Gabriel E. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurial education on unemployment reduction among students in Nigeria. Business and Management Research, vol. 10, no. 2, 16. https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v10n2p16

Di Gregorio D., Shane S. (2003). Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00097-5

Dinc M.S., Budic S. (2016). The impact of personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intentions of women. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, vol. 9, no. 17, pp. 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17015/ ejbe.2016.017.02

Doğan E. (2015). The effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Turkey. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics E-Journal, vol. 23, pp. 79–93.

Ekpe I., Mat N.B. (2015). The moderating effect of physical and social environments on the relationship between perceived technology training and job commitment among academic staff at Nigerian universities. International Journal of Management in Education, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2015.070123

Fayolle A., Degeorge J.M. (2006). Attitudes, ıntentions and behaviour: New approaches to evaluating entrepreneurship education. In A. Fayolle (Ed.). International Entrepreneurship Education. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi. org/10.4337/9781847201652.00011

Ferrandiz J., Fidel P., Conchado A. (2018). Promoting entrepreneurial intention through a higher education program integrated in an entrepreneurship ecosystem. International Journal of Innovation Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 6–21. https://doi. org/10.1108/ijis-09-2017-0089

Fidan Y. (2002). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial characteristics: Sivas province example. Istanbul: Beta Yayınları. (in Turkish)

Fidan Y., Çetin S., Yurdasever E. (2021). Change of entrepreneurial thought in undergraduate business students comparison of 2005 and 2020. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, vol. 10, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.746379. (In Turkish)

Fidan Y., Yıldıran C., Ercan S. (2019). Entrepreneurship tendencies of foreign and Turkish students. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 190–202. (In Turkish)

Fischer B.B., de Moraes G.H.S.M., Schaeffer P.R. (2019). Universities’ institutional settings and academic entrepreneurship: Notes from a developing country. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 147, pp. 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2019.07.009

Gelderen M. van, Brand M., Praag M. van, Bodewes W., Poutsma E., Gils A. Van. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 538–559. https://doi. org/10.1108/13620430810901688

Gibb A. (2002). In pursuit of a new ‘enterprise’ and ‘entrepreneurship’ paradigm for learning: Creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 233–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00086

Guerrero M., Rialp J., Urbano D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 4, pp. 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365- 006-0032-x

Güler B.K. (2010). Social entrepreneurship. Ankara: Elif Yayınevi. (in Turkish)

Hamenda B. (2021). The influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial attitude on juvenile prisoner’s entrepreneurial intention in 3 provinces of İndonesia. International Journal of Management and Economics Invention, vol. 07, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmei/v7i10.02

Heuer A., Liñán F. (2013). Testing alternative measures of subjective norms in entrepreneurial intention models. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2013.054310

Hidayatulloh M., Ashoumi H. (2022). Creativity and entrepreneur knowledge to increase entrepreneurial intent among vocational school students. Journal of Education and Learning (Edulearn), vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 434–439. https://doi.org/10.11591/ edulearn.v16i4.19771

Hisrich R.D., Peters M.P. (1998). Entrepreneurship. USA: Irwin McGraw-Hill.

Hyder A., Azhar A., Javaid A., Rehman M. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Pakistan. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, vol. 5, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v5i2.181

Kaplan J.M., Warren A.C. (2009). Patterns of entrepreneurship management. John Wiley & Sons.

Kusumawijaya I.K., Astuti P.D. (2021). Mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies: Influence of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention. Problems and Perspectives in Management, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 211–220. https://doi.org/10.21511/ ppm.19(3).2021.18

Lans T., Gulikers J., Batterink M. (2010). Moving beyond traditional measures of entrepreneurial intentions in a study among life‐sciences students in the Netherlands. Research in Post‐Compulsory Education, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 259–274.

Lee L., Wong P.K. (2006). Entrepreneurship education – A compendium of related issues. In: The life cycle of entrepreneurial ventures (pp. 79–105). Springer.

Lerner M., Malach-Pines A. (2011). Gender and culture in family business: A ten-nation study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595811399190

Liao Y.K., Nguyen V.H.A., Caputo A. (2022). Unveiling the role of entrepreneurial knowledge and cognition as antecedents of entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytic study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1623–1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-022-00803-8

Lüthje C., Franke N. (2003). The ‘making’ of an entrepreneur: Testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00288

Lv Y., Chen Y., Sha Y., Wang J., An L., Chen T., …, Huang L. (2021). How entrepreneurship education at universities influences entrepreneurial intention: mediating effect based on entrepreneurial competence. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655868

Mahmood G., Munir S., Rasool S., Anum R. (2021). Impact of entrepreneurship competencies on entrepreneurship motivation among Pakistani students: Entrepreneurship education as moderation. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 497–510. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i2.1790

Mahmoud M.A. (2014). Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intention of Nigerian postgraduates in UUM. Unıversıtı Utara, Malaysia.

Maresch D., Harms R., Kailer N., Wimmer-Wurm B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 104, pp. 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.006

Mei H., Lee C., Xiang Y. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial intention in higher education. Education Sciences, vol. 10, no. 9, 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090257

Mitchell R.K., Randolph-Seng B., Mitchell J.R. (2011). Socially situated cognition: Imagining new opportunities for entrepreneurship research. The Academy of Management Review, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 774–776. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.557

Monsen E., Boss R.W. (2009). The impact of strategic entrepreneurship inside the organization: Examining job stress and employee retention. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, vol. 33, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00281.x

Nájera-Sánchez J.J., Pérez-Pérez C., González-Torres T. (2023). Exploring the knowledge structure of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, vol. 19, pp. 563–597. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11365-022-00814-5

Oosterlinck A., Leuven K.U. (2022). Knowledge management in post-secondary education: Universities. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Nederlands.

Peterman N.E., Kennedy J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-6520.2003.00035.x

Praag C.M. van, Versloot P.H. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research. Small Business Economics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 351–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9074-x

Pulka B.M., Rikwentishe R., Ibrahim B. (2014). An evaluation of students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship education in some selected universities in North East Nigeria. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: (A) Administration and Management, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1–8.

Ramos A.M. (2014). Entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Batangas State University. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1–6.

Recepoğlu M., Doğan K.C. (2014). The place of entrepreneurship and technology in regional development: tr83 regional analysis. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi / Gümüşhane University Social Sciences Institute Electronic Journal, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 55–76. (in Turkish)

Resurreccion P.F. (2011). Determinants of entrepreneurial attitudes and ıntentions among high school students in Iligan city. The Mindanao Forum, vol. 24, no. 2, 1. http://www.ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7105

Robledo J.L.R., Arán M.V., Martin-Sanchez V., Molina M.Á.R. (2015). The moderating role of gender on entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB perspective. Intangible Capital, vol. 11, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.557

Roy R., Akhtar F., Das N. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: Extending the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1013–1041. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11365-017-0434-y

Saadat S., Aliakbari A., Majd A., Bell R. (2021). The effect of entrepreneurship education on graduate students’ entrepreneurial alertness and the mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset. Education + Training, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 892–909. https://doi. org/10.1108/et-06-2021-0231

Salman D.M. (2016). What is the role of public policies to robust international entrepreneurial activities on economic growth? Evidence from cross countries study. Future Business Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.02.001

Sarasvathy S.D. (2015). What makes entrepreneur entrepreneurial? http://www.effectuation.org/sites/default/files/documents/ what-makes-entrepreneurs-entrepreneurial-sarasvathy.pdf

Sharma L., Bulsara H.P., Trivedi M., Bagdi H. (2023). An analysis of sustainability-driven entrepreneurial intentions among university students: The role of university support and SDG knowledge. Journal of Applied Research in Highler Education, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2022-0359

Shepherd D.A., Patzelt H. (2017). Researching entrepreneurships’ role in sustainable development. In: Trailblazing in entrepreneurship: Creating new paths for understanding the field (pp. 149–179). Springer International Publishing. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-48701-4_5

Sutter C., Bruton G.D., Chen J. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003

Tam H., Hansen G. (2009). Does entrepreneurship education make students more entrepreneurial? An empirical pilot study. United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, pp. 483–497. https://www.proquest.com/conference-papers-proceedings/does-entrepreneurship-education-make-students/docview/748841266/se-2?accountid=51245

Tessema G.D. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 258–277. https://doi. org/10.1108/20400701211265036

Tian L. (2022). The influence of work values of college students on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of psychological capital. Frontiers in Education, vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1023537

Tu P.A., Song N.V., Hanh D.T.B. (2021). Knowledge and entrepreneurial ıntention: Mediating role of entrepreneurial competency. Journal of Law and Politicial Sciences, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 238–274.

Turker D., Sonmez Selcuk S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students? Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910939049

Uslu D. (2015). Examination of entrepreneurial personality traits and entrepreneurial intention of computer and instructional technologies education department students according to emotional intelligence factors. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Ankara: Gazi University Institute of Educational Sciences. (in Turkish)

Wang S., Yueh H., Wen P. (2019). How the new type of entrepreneurship education complements the traditional one in developing entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02048

Wu L., Jiang S., Wang X., Yu L., Wang Y., Pan H. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727826

Zainal H., Jabor K., Abdullahi I. (2020). The framework of the implementation of entrepreneurship elements in Malaysian polytechnic. Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 3970–3980. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080922

Zampetakis L., Kafetsios K., Lerakis M., Moustakis V. (2015). Investigating the role of self-construal in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01085

Zhou G.Y., Ruan M.Y., Yang X.Y. (2015). Entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial behavior of female students in higher vocational colleges: An interactive perspective. In: X. Xiao. (Ed.). Proc. of the 2015 Int. conference on Social Science and Higher Education (vol. 28, issue 1st International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE), pp. 412–414).