Управленец

2218-5003

2686-7923

10.29141/2218-5003-2024-15-5-2

EBSBVF

https://upravlenets.usue.ru/ru/-2024/1707

Детерминанты получения государственной поддержки малыми и средними предприятиями в России

Determinants of receiving government support by small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia

Найденова

Юлия Николаевна

Найденова

Юлия Николаевна

Naidenova

Iuliia N.

yunaydenova@hse.ruПаршаков

Петр Андреевич

Паршаков

Петр Андреевич

Parshakov

Petr A.

pparshakov@hse.ruСмирнов

Алексей Олегович

Смирнов

Алексей Олегович

Smirnov

Aleksey O.

aosmirnov@hse.ru

HSE University (Perm, Russia)Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (г. Пермь, РФ)

06112024

15522373011202314032024

CC BY-NC 4.0

Меры государственной поддержки помогают преодолеть ограничения, препятствующие росту и развитию бизнеса, что особенно актуально для малых и средних предприятий (МСП). При этом важно, чтобы эти меры достигали целевых компаний и обеспечивали эффективное распределение ресурсов. Статья направлена на выявление ключевых характеристик российских МСП, влияющих на получение ими государственной поддержки. Методологической основой исследования являются теории общественного интереса, общественного выбора и концепция экономической свободы. Методом работы служит двухшаговый регрессионный анализ, в рамках которого сначала применяется модель бинарного выбора, а затем модель LASSO, позволяющая оценить содержание текстов на сайтах предприятий. Информационная база представлена обширным массивом данных о 2 176 российских предприятиях металлургической промышленности за период с 2020 по 2023 г., из которых 57 % получали государственную поддержку. Результаты первого шага оценки показали, что ключевыми факторами, связанными с вероятностью оказания господдержки, являются возраст предприятия и его размер, измеренный выручкой. На втором шаге установлено, что упоминание на сайте определенных товаров или материалов, местоположение МСП и их ориентация на иностранных стейкхолдеров существенно связаны с вероятностью государственной поддержки. Исследование предлагает инструментарий для анализа детерминант получения разных типов государственной поддержки малыми и средними предприятиями, а также подчеркивает важность такого анализа для более эффективного распределения государственных ресурсов.

Government support measures help companies overcome various restrictions impeding their growth and development, which is of special relevance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These measures, therefore, must reach the target companies and ensure efficient allocation of resources. The article reveals key characteristics of SMEs in Russia that increase the probability of them receiving government support. The research methodology is based on public interest theory, public choice theory and the concept of economic freedom. The research method is a two-step regression analysis, in which the binary choice model is first evaluated, and then the LASSO model is used to assess the impact of the textual content of the companies’ websites. The dataset of the study is represented by data on 2,176 Russian metallurgical enterprises for 2020–2023, of which 57% were receiving government support. The results of the first step of evaluation showed that the organization’s age and size measured by revenue were the key factors associated with the probability of receiving government support. At the second step, we found that the mention of certain goods or materials on the websites, the enterprise’s location and orientation towards foreign stakeholders were significantly related to the likelihood of getting state support. The study offers tools for analyzing the determinants of government support for SMEs and highlights the importance of this analysis for more efficient allocation of government resources.

малые и средние предприятия;государственная поддержка;сайт предприятия;консультационная поддержка;финансовая поддержка;образовательная поддержка.

small and medium-sized enterprises;government support;company website;advisory support;financial support;educational support.

Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-78-10149 (https://rscf.ru/ project/23-78-10149/).

This research was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 23-78-10149 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10149/).

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