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Связь постматериализма с индивидуальным восприятием возможностей для бизнеса:роль предпринимательской самоэффективности

Linking post-materialism to individual perception of businessopportunities: The role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy

Богатырева

К. А.

Богатырева

К. А.

Bogatyreva

K. A.

k.bogatyreva@gsom.spbu.ru

Graduate School of Management, Saint Petersburg UniversityВысшая школа менеджмента, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

11072025

16363771402202523042025

CC BY-NC 4.0

К.А. Богатырева

Karina A. Bogatyreva

Существует обширный массив исследований на тему влияния национальной культуры на предпринимательство. Однако механизмы воздействия культурных ценностей на конкретные предпринимательские результаты на индивидуальном уровне остаются не до конца изученными. Исследование направлено на выявление связи между уровнем развития постматериализма в стране и индивидуальным восприятием предпринимательских возможностей с учетом самоэффективности в качестве медиатора. Методологической базой послужили теория постматериализма и концепция самоэффективности. Для проверки гипотез применялись многоуровневая регрессия со смешанными эффектами и статистические техники тестирования медиации. Информационную базу составили данные проекта «Глобальный мониторинг предпринимательства» (GEM) за 2019 г., а также Всемирного обзора ценностей (WVS) за 1981-2019 гг. Проект GEM использовался для получения информации об индивидуальном восприятии предпринимательских возможностей, самоэффективности, а также данных по демографическим контрольным переменным, тогда как WVS стал источником для оценки странового уровня развития постматериализма. Установлено, что страновой постматериализм отрицательно влияет на индивидуальное восприятие предпринимательских возможностей. В то же время впервые выявлено, что предпринимательская самоэффективность меняет направление данного эффекта. В работе определяется механизм, связывающий институциональный уровень, включающий национальную культуру, выраженную через постматериализм, с индивидуальным уровнем анализа предпринимательских инициатив. Полученные результаты могут применяться представителями институтов поддержки и образовательных организаций в качестве отправной точки для формирования программ развития предпринимательства и разработки обучающих материалов с учетом уровня развития постматериализма в конкретной стране.

The influence of national culture on entrepreneurship has been extensively studied in the existing literature. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which cultural values are interpreted and translated into specific entrepreneurial outcomes at the individual level remain incompletely understood. This study examines the link between country-level post-materialism and individual perception of entrepreneurial opportunities, wherein entrepreneurial self-efficacy is viewed as an important mediator of this relationship. The research is based on post-materialism theory and the concept of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The multilevel mixed-effects linear regression and the mediation testing techniques were employed to examine the study hypotheses. The research hypotheses are tested using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2019 (GEM) and the World Value Survey (WVS) 1981-2019 databases. The GEM database was used to derive the individual-level data on opportunities perception and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as well as on demographic control variables, while the WVS databases were employed to evaluate the country-level post-materialism index. The findings suggest that individuals in post-materialist society are less likely to perceive business opportunities. At the same time, for the first time in literature this study revealed that individual entrepreneurial self-efficacy appears to mitigate this negative relationship. This study identifies a mechanism that links the institutional level, where national culture expressed through post-materialism is situated, with the individual level, where entrepreneurship takes place. The obtained results can be used by policymakers and educators to promote entrepreneurial development depending on the level of post-materialistic maturity of the given society.

постматериализмнациональная культурапредпринимательские возможностивосприятие возможностейсамоэффективность

post-materialismnational culturebusiness opportunitiesOpportunity perceptionself-efficacy

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